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Reducing Catheter-Associated
Urinary Tract Infections
Session #299, February 15, 2019
Colin Banas, MD, MSHA, Chief Medical Information Officer, VCU Health
Shelley Knowlson, MS, RN, ACCNS-AG, Infection Preventionist, VCU Health
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Colin Banas, MD, MSHA
Shelley Knowlson, MS, RN, ACCNS-AG
No real or apparent conflicts of interest to report.
Conflict of Interest
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• Why CAUTI
• VCUHS baseline (pre-intervention)
• Interventions
• Results
• Impact
• Lessons learned
Agenda
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• Recognize patient and organizational impacts associated with
catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI)
• Identify evidence-based guidelines that have been shown to
decrease incidence of CAUTI
• Understand the important role Information Technology has in
reducing hospital acquired infections including CAUTI
Learning Objectives
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• Why CAUTI
• VCUHS baseline (pre-intervention)
• Interventions
• Results
• Impact
• Lessons learned
Agenda
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• Patient impact
• Most common healthcare-associated infection (HAI)
• Accounts for more than 30% of all HAIs
• Most catheters inserted are unnecessary
• 13,000 deaths associated with UTIs each year
• Leading cause of secondary blood stream infections
• Antibiotic resistance
• National focus
• One of the first HAI selected for non-payment by Medicare
• 2016 HHS national goal to reduce CAUTI by 25% by 2020
Why CAUTI?
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Financial impact
• CDC national economic burden of $340 million annually
• $1,000 is average cost associated with CAUTI
• 2018 study puts national cost closer to $1.7 billion
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• AHRQ cost for hospital-onset CAUTI $13,793
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per event
• Increased length of stay
• 2-4 extra hospital days
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per CAUTI event
• Mortality: attributed to 36 deaths per 1,000 CAUTI
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Why CAUTI?
1. Hollenbeak, CS, Schilling, AL. The attributable cost of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in the United States: A systematic review. American Journal of Infection Control,
2018; 46(7);751-757.
2. https://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient-safety/pfp/haccost2017-results.html
3. Gould C. Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) toolkit. Activity C: ELC
prevention collaboratives. http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/pdfs/toolkits/CAUTItoolkit_3_10.pdf.
4. CDC/NHSN – CMS hospital compare data - Scott, RD. The Direct Medical Costs of Healthcare-Associated Infections in U.S. Hospitals and the Benefits of Prevention.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/pdf/Scott_CostPaper.pdf
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• Why CAUTI
• VCUHS baseline (pre-intervention)
• Interventions
• Results
• Impact
• Lessons learned
Agenda
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CAUTI Baseline Data – Adult ICUs
2012
• 74 CAUTIs in 2012
• 68% (74/108) device associated HAI due to CAUTI
• CAUTI rate 3.1 per 1000 device days
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• Why CAUTI
• VCUHS baseline (pre-intervention)
• Interventions
• Results
• Impact
• Lessons learned
Agenda
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Timeline of Interventions
2013
•Creation of hospital policy to address insertion, maintenance, indications for use, and nurse-driven protocol for
removal of unnecessary catheters
•EMR documentation section added in iView for nursing to document daily assessment of need for urinary catheter
2014
•Infection prevention begins monthly audit and feedback of urinary catheter daily assessment of need compliance
2015
•EMR documentation in iView revised for Nursing documentation - new drop-down fields for urinary catheter
necessity criteria
•Reference hyperlink added into iView for end-users to review policy indications for appropriate criteria
2016
•EMR order set created for providers – must enter order for catheter, include indication for need, order for
continuation of catheter after 72-hour removal
•EMR generated automatic order for nurses to discontinue urinary catheter 72 hours after insertion
2017
•Urine test stewardship beings in adult ICUs (assisted with Enterprise Analytic report)
•ICU Panculture Power Orders adjusted to remove UA with reflex as preselected item
•Updated intermittent catheterization algorithm hyperlinked into iView
2018
•EMR decision support for urine culture testing to align practice with IDSA/SCCM guidelines
•Care Compass task to fire to remind nurses to remove urinary catheter at 72-hour mark
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Maintenance
• Review for necessity
• Maintain a closed system
• Unobstructed flow
• Hand hygiene
Insertion
• Only for appropriate indications
• Only properly trained personnel to insert/maintain
• Aseptic technique and sterile equipment
• Consider alternatives
Removal
• Leave in place only as long as needed
CAUTI Bundle
2013
2015 & 2016
2016
AHRQ – On the CUSP: Stop CAUTI project: Technical Interventions To Prevent CAUTI. Content last reviewed October 2015. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD.
http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient-safety/hais/cauti-tools/guides/implguide-pt3.html
2009 CDC/HICPAC Guidelines: http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/ca_uti/uti.html
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Clinician Awareness
Provider sign-out tool
• includes lines and
tubes
Safety
Dashboard
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2013 – Policy development for urinary catheters (UC)
• Insertion criteria
• Daily RN documentation of need
• Intermittent catheterization algorithm
Daily Assessment of Need
Nursing Documentation
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Point prevalence surveillance
• IT support daily through Enterprise Analytics Report
Daily Review for Necessity
82%
84%
86%
88%
90%
92%
94%
96%
98%
2014 2015 2016 2017
UC Daily Review for Medical
Necessity ICUs
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• Added drop-down menu of approved indications for UC
• Policy hyperlinked
iView Urinary Catheter Documentation
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Provider Order Entry
• Provider must enter order
for insertion
• With an approved indication
• Detail statement maintains
independent RN removal,
per policy
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When nurses create the Foley catheter band, an automated
removal order is generated for 72 hours after insertion
Automated Removal Order
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24 hours after UC has been inserted, providers receive an alert
• Remove catheter as ordered (72 hours)
• Remove catheter immediately (new order fires to remove)
• Continue use after 72 hours
Provider Alerts
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Provider Continuation Order
Alert will fire every
24 hours if details
are not entered
for continuation
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Provider Continuation Order
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Updated Intermittent Catheterization
Algorithm Embedded into iView
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Reduce unnecessary urine testing
Test only patients at high risk for invasive infection
• Kidney transplant
• Neutropenic
• Recent GU surgery
• History or evidence of urinary obstruction
Urine Test Stewardship – Adult ICUs
1. Mullin KM et al. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2017 Feb;38(2):186-188 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2016.266
2. O’Grady NP et al. Crit Care Med. 2008 Jun; 36(4): 1330-1349 DOI:10.1097/CCM.0b013e318169eda9
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ICU pan culture order set
Urine Test Stewardship – Adult ICUs
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* Updated
Dashboard for Adult ICU Urine Cultures
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Urine Test Stewardship - EMR decision support
*Updated
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Care Compass – RN Task for Removal
*Updated
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• Why CAUTI
• VCUHS baseline (pre-intervention)
• Interventions
• Results
• Impact
• Lessons learned
Agenda
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UC Standardized Utilization Ratio (SUR)
2015 - 2018
0.8
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
2015Q1 2015Q2 2015Q3 2015Q4 2016Q1 2016Q2 2016Q3 2016Q4 2017Q1 2017Q2 2017Q3 2017Q4 2018Q1 2018Q2 2018Q3 2018Q4
SUR Benchmark Linear (SUR)
• Prevented 6,298 catheter days
• Average 191 catheter days p/month
prevented since automated removal orders
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Automated 72-hour Removal Orders
Table 1: Mean CAUTI rates and standardized infection ratios for pre- (15 months) and post (15 months)-implementation
*Rates per 1,000 catheter days
**Two-proportion Z-test comparing CAUTI rate means
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CAUTI Results – Adult ICUs
2012
• 74 CAUTIs
• 68% (74/108) device-associated HAI
due to CAUTI
• CAUTI rate = 3.1 per 1,000 device days
2018
• 20 CAUTIs
• 22% (20/90) device-associated HAI due
to CAUTI
• CAUTI rate = 1.0 per 1,000 device days
* Definition change for VAE
67% reduction in CAUTI rate
* updated
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VCUHS CAUTI Rates
2013-2018
60% reduction in CAUTI rate
(2018 vs 2013)
* updated
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VCUHS CAUTI Standardized Infection Ratio (SIR)
2013 – 2018
*updated
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
SIR
0.83 1.15 0.72 0.7 0.87 1.08 1.04 1.01 0.55 0.67 0.67 0.52 0.64 0.3 0.58 0.21 0.55 0.27 0.61 0.75 0.5 0.57 0.33 0.57
Benchmark
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
CAUTI SIR (Observed:Expected)
SIR Benchmark Linear (SIR)
Prevented 130 CAUTI infections
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• Analysis of ICU pan culture order change
• 3 months pre-/post-intervention testing fidelity
• Significant improvement in test fidelity (P-value 0.0074)
• Met 20% reduction goal last 4 months
Urine Test Stewardship – Adult ICUs
* Updated
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• Why CAUTI
• VCUHS baseline (pre-intervention)
• Interventions
• Results
• Impact
• Lessons learned
Agenda
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• Top 10 Vizient performer for CAUTI
• 72% reduction in ICU CAUTI since 2012
• 62% reduction in non-ICU CAUTI since 2012
Since 2015
• Reduced catheter days: 6,298
• CAUTIs prevented: 130
• Prevented 5 deaths
• Cost savings estimate: $130,000 - $1.8 million
• Reduction in number of beds used: 260–520
• Gained additional 43-87 hospital admissions
Estimated Impact
* Updated
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• Why CAUTI
• VCUHS baseline (pre-intervention)
• Interventions
• Results
• Impact
• Lessons learned
Agenda
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• Have all stakeholders at table in beginning
• Start with automated removal orders
• Leveraging IT through EMR decision support impacts change
• Make decision support tools that make it easy to do the right
thing
Lessons Learned
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